Prayers at United States presidential inaugurations

Since 1937, the United States presidential inauguration has included one or more prayers given by members of the clergy.^[1]^[2] Since 1933 an associated prayer service either public or private attended by the President-elect has often taken place on the morning of the day.^[3] At times a major public or broadcast prayer service takes place after the main ceremony most recently on the next day.^[4]

1 List of clergy at main ceremony^[2]
2 Associated morning prayer service
3 Public prayer service^[4]
4 References

List of clergy at main ceremony^[2]

January 20, 1937 inaugural of Franklin D. Roosevelt

Invocation by Chaplain ZeBarney Thorne Phillips - Episcopalian, Chaplain of the United States Senate
Benediction by Father John A. Ryan - Catholic, professor, Catholic University of America^[5]

January 20, 1941 inaugural of Franklin D. Roosevelt

Invocation by Chaplain ZeBarney Phillips
Benediction by Father Michael J. Ready, Catholic, general secretary of the National Catholic Welfare Conference^[6]

January 20, 1945 inaugural of Franklin D. Roosevelt

Invocation by Bishop Angus Dun - Episcopalian, Bishop of Washington
Benediction by Monsignor John A. Ryan - Catholic

January 20, 1949 inaugural of Harry S. Truman

Invocation by Rev. Edward Hughes Pruden, Baptist, First Baptist Church, Washington, D.C. ^[7]
Prayer by Rabbi Samuel Thurman, Jewish, United Hebrew Congregation, St. Louis, Missouri^[8]
Benediction by Patrick A. O’Boyle, Catholic Archbishop of Washington^[9]

January 20, 1953 inaugural of Dwight D. Eisenhower

Invocation by Patrick A. O’Boyle, Catholic Archbishop of Washington
Prayer by Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver, Jewish
Prayer by President Eisenhower
Benediction by Rev. Henry Knox Sherrill, Episcopalian, Presiding Bishop

January 21, 1957 inaugural of Dwight D. Eisenhower

Invocation by Rev. Edward L. R. Elson - Presbyterian, Chaplain of the United States Senate
Prayer by His Eminence Michael - Greek Orthodox
Prayer by Rabbi Louis Finkelstein, Jewish
Benediction by His Eminence Cardinal Edward Mooney - Catholic, Archbishop of Detroit

January 20, 1961 inaugural of John F. Kennedy

Invocation by His Eminence Cardinal Richard Cushing - Catholic
Prayer by His Eminence Iakovos, Greek Orthodox
Prayer by Rev. Dr. John Barclay, pastor of the Central Christian Church of Austin, Texas
Benediction by Rabbi Nelson Glueck - Jewish

January 20, 1965 inaugural of Lyndon B. Johnson

Invocation by Archbishop Robert E. Lucey - Catholic
Prayer by Rabbi Hyman Judah Schachtel - Jewish, Congregation Beth Israel of Houston
Prayer by Rev. Dr. George R. Davis - Disciples of Christ
Benediction by His Eminence Iakovos - Greek Orthodox

January 20, 1969 inaugural of Richard Nixon

Invocation by Rev. Charles Ewbank Tucker - African Methodist Episcopal Zion, bishop
Prayer by Rabbi Edgar F. Magnin - Jewish, Wilshire Boulevard Temple, Los Angeles
Prayer by His Eminence Iakovos - Greek Orthodox
Prayer by Rev. Billy Graham - Southern Baptist, text of Billy Graham prayer 1969
Benediction by Archbishop Terence J. Cooke - Catholic

January 20, 1973 inaugural of Richard M. Nixon

Invocation by Rev. E. V. Hill, National Baptist Convention, pastor of the Mount Zion Missionary Baptist Church in Los Angeles^[10]
Prayer by Rabbi Seymour Siegel - Jewish, professor, Jewish Theological Seminary
Prayer by His Eminence Iakovos - Greek Orthodox
Benediction by Archbishop Terence J. Cooke - Catholic

January 20, 1977 inaugural of Jimmy Carter

Invocation by Rev. William Cannon - United Methodist
Benediction by Archbishop John R. Roach - Catholic

January 20, 1981 inaugural of Ronald Reagan

Invocation by Rev. Donn Moomaw - Presbyterian, pastor of Bel Air Presbyterian Church in Los Angeles
Benediction by Rev. Donn Moomaw

January 21, 1985 inaugural of Ronald Reagan

Invocation by Rev. Timothy S. Healy - Catholic, president of Georgetown University
Prayer by Rabbi Alfred Gottschalk - Jewish, president, Hebrew Union College
Prayer by Rev. Donn Moomaw - Presbyterian
Benediction by Rev. Peter Gomes, chaplain, Harvard University

January 20, 1989 inaugural of George H. W. Bush

Invocation by Rev. Billy Graham - Southern Baptist, text of invocation 1989
Benediction by Rev. Billy Graham - Southern Baptist

January 20, 1993 inaugural of Bill Clinton

Invocation by Rev. Billy Graham - Southern Baptist, text of invocation 1993
Benediction by Rev. Billy Graham - Southern Baptist

January 20, 1997 inaugural of Bill Clinton

Invocation by Rev. Billy Graham - Southern Baptist, text of invocation 1997
Benediction by Rev. Gardner C. Taylor - Baptist

January 20, 2001 inaugural of George W. Bush

Invocation by Rev. Franklin Graham - Southern Baptist, text of invocation and benediction 2001
Benediction by Pastor Kirbyjon H. Caldwell - United Methodist

January 20, 2005 inaugural of George W. Bush

Invocation by Rev. Luis León - Episcopalian, rector St. John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square (Washington, D.C.)(Text of Invocation)
Benediction by Pastor Kirbyjon Caldwell - Senior Pastor of Windsor Village United Methodist Church in Houston, Texas(Text of Benediction)

January 20, 2009 inaugural of Barack Obama

Invocation by Rev. Dr. Rick Warren - Baptist, Pastor of the Saddleback Church, Lake Forest, California
Benediction by Rev. Dr. Joseph E. Lowery - United Methodist

Associated morning prayer service

Presidents since 1933 have often worshipped privately before the actual ceremony.

1933 - Franklin Roosevelt attend a service at St. John's Episcopal Church in the morning (Saturday) before being sworn in.
1937 - Franklin Roosevelt attended a service at St. John's Episcopal Church in the morning (Wednesday) before being sworn in.
1941 - Franklin Roosevelt attended a service at St. John's Episcopal Church in the morning (Wednesday) before being sworn in.
1945 - Franklin Roosevelt had a private service in the White House.
1949 - Harry Truman attended a service at St. John's Episcopal Church in the morning (Thursday) before being sworn in.
1953 - Dwight Eisenhower attended a service at National Presbyterian Church in the morning (Tuesday) before being sworn in.
1957 - Dwight Eisenhower attended a service at National Presbyterian Church (Sunday) before being sworn in privately. He was publicly sworn in the next day.
1961 - John F. Kennedy attended the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass at Holy Trinity Church.
1965 - Lyndon Johnson attended a private service at National City Christian Church in the morning (Wednesday) before being sworn in. Billy Graham gave a sermon.
1969 - Richard Nixon had a prayer breakfast in the State Department
1973 - Richard Nixon had no prayer service. He did attend church the next day, a Sunday. There was also a White House Prayer Service with Billy Graham (sermon), Archbishop Joseph Bernardin, and Rabbi Edgar F. Magnin as speakers.^[11]
1977 - James Earl Carter attended a private service at First Baptist Church^[12]
1981 - Ronald Reagan attended a private service at St. John's Episcopal Church. Speakers included Billy Graham.
1985 - Ronald Reagan attended a private service at St. John's Episcopal Church on Sunday, January 20.
1989 - George H. W. Bush attended a private service at St. John's Episcopal Church.
1993 - William Clinton attended a private service at Metropolitan AME Church
1997 - William Clinton attended a private service at Metropolitan AME Church
2001 on January 20 George W. Bush attended a private service at St. John's Episcopal Church
2009 - Barack Obama attended a private service at St. John's Episcopal Church

Public prayer service^[4]

In 1789 George Washington along with Congress attended a service at St. Paul's Chapel in New York City after his swearing in. The ceremony was presided over by Bishop Samuel Provoost. No similar service is known until 1933.

Sunday, March 5, 1933 "National Inaugural Prayer Service" at Washington National Cathedral. Presided over by Episcopal Bishop James Edward Freeman of Washington.

Thursday, January 20, 1977 James Carter had a half-hour interfaith prayer service at the Lincoln Memorial in the morning (8am) before the main ceremony; he did not attend.^[12]^[13]^[14] Speakers included

Martin Luther King Senior, father of Martin Luther King Junior
Rev. Bruce Edwards, Plains, Georgia
Ruth Carter Stapleton
Leontyne Price and Sherrill Milnes sang

1981 Ronald Reagan had a service at National City Christian Church on Thomas Circle, Washington, D.C.

Sunday, January 20, 1985 Ronald Reagan had a public service at the Washington National Cathedral. Speakers included

Billy Graham gave a sermon

Sunday, January 22, 1989 George H. W. Bush attended a Presidential Inaugural Prayer Service at the Washington National Cathedral the day after his swearing in.^[15]

John T. Walker, Episcopal Bishop of Washington presided
Charles A. Perry, Cathedral Provost, officiated

Sermons were given by

Peter Gomes, Harvard Chaplain
John Ashcroft, governor of Missouri
Edmond Lee Browning, presiding bishop of the Episcopal Church

Other participants included

Rabbi Matthew H. Simon from the B’nai Israel Congregation in Rockville, Maryland, read from the Torah
Vilma Guerrero Smith read reading part of the Forty-seventh Psalm
Rev. Canon Carole Crumley read part of the fifth chapter of Matthew
Cardinal James Hickey, Roman Catholic archbishop of Washington, read from the New Testament
Iakovos, archbishop of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of North and South America, read from the New Testament
George Walker Bush read a prayer
Mrs. James A. Baker, III, honorary chairman for the National Day of Prayer and Thanksgiving, read a prayer
Rev. Stephen E. Smallman (Vice-President Quayle’s pastor) from McLean, Virginia, read from the Old Testament

Sunday, January 21, 2001 - George W. Bush had a prayer service at the National Cathedral.^[16]

Nathan D. Baxter, dean of the Cathedral
Jane Holmes Dixon, bishop of Washington pro tempore (Episcopalian)
Franklin Graham gave the sermon
Rabbi Samuel Karff from Congregation Beth Israel of Houston read Jeremiah 29:11–13 and gave one of the prayers
Beulah “Bubba” Dailey of Austin Street Center in Dallas, read Proverbs 3:1–8
Archbishop Demetrios of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America led the people responsively in the Twenty-Third Psalm. He also gave one of the prayers.
Mark Craig of Highland Park United Methodist Church in Dallas, read 1 John 4:7–8
Theodore E. McCarrick, Roman Catholic archbishop of Washington, read Matthew 6:25–33 and gave one of the prayers
Kirbyjon Caldwell of Windsor Village United Methodist Church in Houston, read the Prayer for the Nation.
Rev. Peter Grandell, Cathedral staff
Rev. Luis León, rector of St. John’s Church, Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C.
Rev. Suzanne Love Harris, of St. John’s Episcopal Church in Jackson Hole, Wyoming
Dr. Jack Hayford, pastor of the Church on the Way, Van Nuys, California

Friday, January 21, 2005 - George W. Bush had a service at the National Cathedral the day after the inauguration.^[17] Speakers included:^[18]

John Bryson Chane, Bishop of Washington, Episcopalian
A. Theodore Eastman, Vicar of Washington National Cathedral, Episcopalian
Mark Craig, Dallas, Texas, United Methodist, gave the sermon
Billy Graham, Charlotte, North Carolina, Southern Baptist (prayer)
Rabbi Morton Yolkut, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Bishop G. E. Patterson, Memphis, Tennessee, Church of God in Christ
Luis Cortes, Jr., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Baptist
The Metropolitan Herman Archbishop of Washington and Metropolitan of all America and Canada Orthodox Church of America, Syosset, New York
His Eminence Cardinal William Keeler, Baltimore, Maryland, Catholic
Imam Yahya Hendi Muslim Chaplain, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (Did not participate because of illness.)
His Eminence Cardinal Theodore Edgar McCarrick, Washington, DC, Catholic
Archbishop Demetrios Primate of the Greek Orthodox Church in America Exarch of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, New York, New York
Kirbyjon Caldwell, Houston, Texas, United Methodist
Canon Mary Sulerud, Washington, DC, Episcopalian

Wednesday, January 21, 2009 - Barack Obama had a service at 10am in the National Cathedral.

Episcopal Rev. Samuel T. Lloyd III, Dean of the Washington National Cathedral - welcome
Episcopal Diocese of Washington Bishop John Bryson Chane - invocation
Rev. Otis Moss Jr., senior pastor emeritus at Olivet Institutional Baptist Church in Cleveland, Ohio - opening prayer
Rev. Sharon E. Watkins, general minister and president of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) - sermon
Rev. Andy Stanley, senior pastor, North Point Community Church, Alpharetta, Georgia - prayer for civil leaders

Scripture readings by

Dr. Cynthia Hale, senior pastor, Ray of Hope Christian Church, Atlanta, Georgia
Archbishop Demetrios, Primate of the Greek Orthodox Church in America, New York City
Rev. Francisco Gonzalez, S.F., auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Washington
Rabbi David Saperstein, executive director of the Religious Action Center of Reform Judaism, Washington, D.C.

Responsive prayers by

Dr. Ingrid Mattson, president, Islamic Society of North America, Hartford, Connecticut
Rev. Suzan Johnson-Cook, senior pastor, Bronx Christian Fellowship, New York City
Rabbi Jerome Epstein, director, United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism, New York City
Rev. Carol Wade, canon precentor of the Washington National Cathedral
Dr. Uma Mysorekar, president, Hindu Temple Society of North America, New York City
Rev. Jim Wallis, president, Sojourners, Washington, D.C.
Rabbi Haskal Lookstein, Congregation Kehilath Jeshurunm, New York City
Pastor Kirbyjon Caldwell, senior pastor, Windsor Village United Methodist Church, Houston, Texas
Archbishop Donald Wuerl, Roman Catholic Diocese of Washington - a prayer for the nation
Episcopal Presiding Bishop Katharine Jefferts Schori - closing prayer
Rev. Wesley Granberg-Michaelson, general secretary of the Reformed Church in America - Benediction

References

^ "Presidential Inaugurations Past and Present: A Look at the History Behind the Pomp and Circumstance". http://fpc.state.gov/40871.htm.
^ ^a ^b "Newdow". "Appendix D: Inaugural Clergy" (PDF). http://www.restorethepledge.com/live/past_litigation/inaugural/docs/2004-12-17%20complaint.pdf.
^ "Morning Worship Service". http://inaugural.senate.gov/history/daysevents/morningworshipservice.cfm.
^ ^a ^b "Washington National Cathedral: Presidential Inaugural Prayer Services". Washington National Cathedral. http://www.nationalcathedral.org/about/presidentialInaugurals.shtml. Retrieved January 16, 2009.
^ Anonymous. "An Inventory of the John A. Ryan Papers". The American Catholic History Research Center and University Archives. http://libraries.cua.edu/achrcua/ryan.html. Retrieved January 16, 2009.
^ Anonymous. "The Bishops of Columbus". The Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus. http://www.colsdioc.org/AboutUs/TheBishopsofColumbus/tabid/276/Default.aspx. Retrieved January 16, 2009.
^ Waldman, Steven (January 17, 2009). "The Power of Prayer". Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123215076308292139.html. Retrieved November 17, 2010.
^ Anonymous. "History of United Hebrew Congregation". United Hebrew Congregation. http://www.unitedhebrew.org/AboutUs/History.aspx. Retrieved January 16, 2009.
^ Order of Events. (1949, January 20). The Washington Post (1923-1954),p. C1. Retrieved October 16, 2010, from ProQuest Historical Newspapers The Washington Post (1877 - 1994). (Document ID: 234212532).
^ Anonymous. "Reverend Preacher Dr. E.V.Hill Died Late Monday Night in L.A.". Cephas Library. http://www.cephas-library.com/evangelists_e.v.hill.who_is.html. Retrieved January 16, 2009.
^ http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/inaugural01.htm
^ ^a ^b Briggs, Kenneth A. (January 21, 1977). "Plea by Dr. King's Father Adds Touch of Revivalism to the DAy". New York Times: pp. 30.
^ Weinraub, Bernard (January 16, 1977). "Five-Day 'People's' Inauguration Begins in Capital Tuesday". The New York Times: pp. 24.
^ Briggs, Kenneth A. (January 19, 1977). "Prayer Gatherings Greet Inauguration". The New York Times: pp. 33.
^ "Washington National Cathedral: Presidential Inaugural Prayer Services (1989)". Washington National Cathedral. http://www.nationalcathedral.org/about/presidentialInaugural1989.shtml. Retrieved January 16, 2009.
^ "Washington National Cathedral: Presidential Inaugural Prayer Services (2001)". Washington National Cathedral. http://www.nationalcathedral.org/about/presidentialInaugural2001.shtml. Retrieved January 16, 2009.
^ "CNN.com - Bush attends National Prayer Service - Jan 21, 2005". January 21, 2005. http://www.cnn.com/2005/ALLPOLITICS/01/21/bush.friday/index.html. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
^ "Washington National Cathedral: Presidential Inaugural Prayer Services (2005)". Washington National Cathedral. http://www.nationalcathedral.org/about/presidentialInaugural2005.shtml. Retrieved January 16, 2009.

Prayers at United States presidential inaugurations

Contents

List of clergy at main ceremony[2]

Associated morning prayer service

Public prayer service[4]

References

List of clergy at main ceremony^[2]

Public prayer service^[4]